In the Eastern and Horn of Africa region, evidence show plurality of actors that affect and enact practices of governance and development. It is crucial to comprehend how these actors influence policies, programs, and interventions at regional, national, and local levels to ensure sustainable and inclusive development. We analyse economic and political interests, as well as power dynamics, elucidating their influence on resource allocation and policy decisions. We offer insights into the social, political, and economic nuances that may arise in the context of development interventions and implementation.